B2B Organizational Marketing

Present day market leaders confront a number of challenges in securing new orders and customers. These challenges may take the form of a larger number of players influencing the customer decision process, increased buying criteria, greater expectations of faster feedback, and more expectations from the customers that the sales force understand the customer’s requirements. The customers have become more demanding and the competitors have become more productive which have also increased the challenges being faced by the businesses.The businesses are expected to possess the characteristics of flexibility, speed, easiness in dealing, fast, resilience, customer focus, and human warmth in their dealings (Rick Wolfe). Being a business based on the impulse and moods of the customers, the leisure cruise business needs much of these factors to be integrated into them for being successful in attracting more and new customers.This paper attempts to make a detailed report on the marketing techniques and business issues relating to the Carnival Cruise Lines and Crystal Cruise Lines who are the players in the same line of business with different marketing approaches to the business. Carnival Cruise Lines – A Background The evolution and growth of Carnival Cruise Lines marked the redefining of the leisure cruise industry. The company approached a diverse market adopting a novel theme of ‘Fun Ships’ adequately supported by competitively low pricing.There was increased pressure from competition which forced the company to have a relook into its ‘Fun Ship’ brand, without disturbing the equity content of the brand already developed by the company. From the points of view of the customers the cruise lines do not have any differentials. Hence it became necessary for the Carnival Cruise Lines to differentiate them to the customers by providing upgraded product features, efficient service, and a brand image which is not only convincing but also sophisticated.The 2,974 passenger capacity 110,000 ton Carnival Liberty was set to sail in July 2005. Built at $ 500 million the ship was the twenty first vessels in the fleet of Carnival Cruise Lines and it gave the company more passenger carrying capacity than any other cruise lines. The company arranged cruises covering more than three million guests during the financial year 2004 and the company’s revenues were in the region of $ 9. 73 billion, with net earnings of $ 1. 85 billion in the year 2004.The company has been maintaining its principles to adhere to the term ‘Fun Ships’ throughout the year and a time has come when the top leaders of the company have to have a rethinking on the level of customer service so that they can still maintain the brand image. This was due to the fact that there have been increased expectations and renewed competition in the industry. Marketing Strategy of Carnival The company had to develop its marketing strategy purely out of necessity. At a certain point of time Carnival did not have to make an advertising campaign to promote its cruises.In fact at that time no cruise lines made any efforts to advertise. During the start up years which were lean the onboard product was limited. The customers’ expectations were also limited as the cruise products that were available were still relatively new to the market and to the customers. The ‘Fun Ships’ concept of marketing was set in motion by Dickinson for the first time in the 1973 when he took charge as the vice-president sales of Carnival. He was inspired by the concept of ‘Happy ship’ promoted by Commodore Cruise Lines.This promotion started at a time when the cruise marketing focused its attention on the destinations covered by the cruises rather than the ships that were used for the cruises. The cruising during these times was promoted as a highbrow, luxurious experience. However Carnival adopted a different marketing strat egy by reasoning that ‘fun’ was what people really wanted to experience in a vacation. The company promoted the cruise in Mardi Gras as a fun-ship experience while cruising instead of promoting the cruises on the basis of destinations.This way Carnival decided to send a message that was unique in the cruise industry. (20) The marketing strategy of the company centered round the policy of the company to anchor the brand ‘Fun Ships’ to coincide with its positioning strategy. This enabled Carnival build an unmatched value proposition on the promise of fun during the cruise. This promise of fun has been made the marketing strategy of the company for at least the next thirty years of its existence.In quite contrast to the other cruise line customers Carnival through its ‘Fun Ships’ marketing theme attracted middle-class customers who are relatively young. To these kinds of customers Carnival offered full casinos, live music, discos, and wild daytime activities–including belly-flop, beer-chugging, and hairy-chest contests which were offered for the first time by any cruise. These fun based activities were quite different from the existing idea of in-cruise entertainment of shuffleboard and afternoon tea.With a view to make improvements in these fun activities Carnival built the new ships starting from the year 1980 providing for the facilities for the fun activities with bright colors and neon lighting unlike anything before seen in a cruise ship. These were quite different and shocking to the traditional ship owners. Carnival used the first-time cruisers as tools for the market development strategy for communicating the brand message of ‘Fun Ships’. The company articulated the ‘Fun Ships image by showing the ships and the possible entertainment architecture within the ships.The company promoted the marketing theme as ‘having fun comprising of guests â€Å"dining, dancing, playing, swimming, sun ning, and socializing at affordable price†. The company has started the advertising commercials in the 1984 and was the first cruise to advertise on the Television. The marketing objective of the company remained provision of fun all along the cruise. The company however continued to have the marketing objective to â€Å"introduce vacationers to cruising and to reinforce the image of Carnival as the essence of fun† (J. Robert Kwortnik Jr 2006).Challenges to Carnival’s Market-Leadership The major challenge to the marketing efforts of Carnival and a threat to its market-leadership position, is the continuous copying of the ‘Fun Ships’ brand by the competitor lines. For example the Royal Caribbean’s product offering of adventure-theme challenged the fun concept of Carnival Cruise Lines by an active-adventure version of Royal Caribbean; similarly the next generation of the ships of Royal Caribbean had a water theme park which would challenge Carni val Line’s water-park innovation.Another threat to the market position of Carnival arises due to the repositioning of the brand. This may be the result of the tension faced in the development of brand image which is characterized by the improvements in the product. However the management steers the brand toward a more sophisticated version of fun, the risk of mixed signals and brand confusion This makes the a brand's equity as more a function of the customers for a particular brand than the function of the brand. Crystal Cruises – a Background Crystal Cruise offers a hybrid style of cruising experience which is intriguing.Though the cruise line is decidedly upscale, its ships are larger ones quite unlike its luxury line competitors. These ships have the capacity of carrying 940 passengers. NYK lines of Japan own Crystal Cruises. The company founded in the year 1990 is based in Los Angeles. The earlier ships owned by the company included a 940-passenger ship by name â⠂¬ËœCrystal Harmony. This ship was first launched in the year 1990. The ‘Crystal Symphony’ was the second one to follow and also has a passenger carrying capacity of 940-passengers.The company added to its fleet the new ship ‘Crystal Serenity’ with a capacity of 1080 passengers which first sailed in the summer of 2003. The company has sold the ship ‘Crystal Harmony’ in the year 2005 to have once more only two ships in its fleet (Cruise Critic). Though the company has only two ships it has earned the distinction of one of the best cruise lines in the world with the extravagance of services it offers on board the ships. The added feature which enhances the marketing ability of the Crystal is the health club products it offers on board its ships including the Spa.Crystal Serenity is the largest ship of Crystal Cruise. This ship has all the facilities that the cruises of Crystal normally provide. These features include a Sushi Bar, a tennis court, and a board room offering variety of wines. The ship also provides a state – of – the – art children’s play area known as ‘Fantasia’ and also a teen center. There is also an indoor/outdoor pool and a higher ratio of balcony cabins and about 85 percent of the staterooms are having verandahs. The attractiveness of Crystal Cruise is magnified by its getting the ISO 14001 certification for its fleet-wide environmental management system maintenance.In continuation of its environmental management program the company is continuously establishing new goals to minimize the degradation to environment by reducing the use of plastics and increased recycling and enhanced fuel efficiency (Even Keel). Marketing Strategy of Crystal Cruises Crystal’s bigger ships carrying more passengers are one of the marketing points as against its smaller competitors. The company has a unique characteristic of having a highest guest-to-staff and largest guest-to-spa ce ratio.This has won more number of repeat passengers. The smaller line competitors do not have the facilities to compete with Crystal. â€Å"The facilities that crystal offer include biggest-ships-in-luxury-class status along with far more options, in terms of entertainment, socializing, casinos, spa and fitness facilities, activities, and enrichment opportunities† (Cruise Critic). â€Å"The renowned Crystal experience is distinguished by incomparable service, abundant space, extensive choices, and superior quality† (Crystal Cruise).Crystal Cruises is offering a program known as ‘Share the Experience’ which offers membership to its repeat customers to ‘Crystal Society’. The members of this society are given $ 100 shipboard credit when they are able to persuade a first timer to take a cruise with crystal. Crystal has roughly 60 percent of its customers as first timers to the cruise line. The marketing strategy of the company is to bring in mo re new customers and increase the ratio of new customers. The company believes in getting more to the new people for its growth (Christopher Elliott, 2007)The product offering by Crystal includes the ‘Crystal Spa’ the only Feng Shui- designed Spa on board any ship is one of the major marketing points for Crystal. â€Å"Superior service, state-of-the-art facilities and amenities, such as treatment rooms, saunas and a private sun deck or relaxation area with expansive ocean views, propelled the luxury line's Crystal Spa into first place among the magazine's savvy travelers who placed it alongside, and even above, some of the foremost spas in the world† (Crystal Cruises).The other area where Crystal concentrates to improve the satisfaction of its customers is the service being provided by its extraordinary staff which makes the cruises with crystal a unique experience. The company claims that their attention to details is the strength of its marketing and the compan y also provides a personalized experience with a boutique ‘Crystal Adventures’ and other customized ‘Crystal Private Adventure’.â€Å"The line’s glamorous casinos, array of evening entertainment and creative culinary venues and menus — such as the cuisine of master chef, Nobu Matsuhisa — rate high among those seeking quality choices on their floating luxury resort† (Article Avenue). Marketing Strategies of Carnival and Crystal – A Comparison While Carnival Cruise Lines are perceived to have action packed fun and look for younger and value driven customers, Crystal Cruise targets older generation customers who are keen to receive five star services aboard luxurious ships.The basic distinction in the marketing concepts of both the lines lies in the way they perceive the preferences of the customers. On the basis of the products that these lines can offer they select their customer bases and arrive at the marketing strategies . The idea of getting more number of new customers is considered unique as far as Crystal is concerned since the company feels that with the extravagant service it offers on board it can make them repeat their visits to their cruises.By taking more care on the health aspects with the provision of Spa and other extensive health club facilities the travelers will feel more at land than at sea. This coupled with the provision of the highest guest service with more number of attendants and staff would make the customers feel that their travel was filled with an experience quite different and they may decide to experience it once again. In the case of Carnival the marketing strategy involves more value in terms of fun at lesser cost while cruising. The cost factor is taken as the base of promoting their product offering.The customers that Carnival caters to being young ones the company takes more care to provide as many number of recreation facilities to the customers so that they repeat their visits to the cruise. Conclusion In general as the sales teams deepen their knowledge about the customer’s needs and preferences they are able to pinpoint the metrics that the customers will make use of for making an assessment of the product offerings by different vendors. This gives rise to several variations and product differentiations by the suppliers to meet the requirements of different customers.This is evident from the fact that two cruise lines’ – Carnival and Crystal – product offerings. It is observed that both of the lines have different marketing objectives and different set of customer segments to cater to and serve. While Carnival has the marketing strategy of having fun during the cruise and attract younger customers, Crystal looks for increased number of new customers with a product offering of fun combined with health with the offering of the state of the art Spa and other connected facilities aboard to attract the customers. Ref erencesArticle Avenue ‘Information and Tips for a Cruise Ship Vacation’ Christopher Elliott (2007) ‘Strategies to Make More Passengers Maiden Voyagers’ The New York Times dated February 25th 2007 Cruise Critic ‘Crystal Cruises’ Crystal Cruise ‘Crystal Cruises Celebrates Thanksgiving and Fall Sailings with Family â€Å"Values† ‘ Crystal Cruises ‘Crystal Cruises Named No. 1 Cruise Line Spa by the Readers of Conde Nast Traveler’ Even Keel ‘Cruise Line News: Crystal Cruise’ J. Robert Kwortnik Jr (2006) ‘Carnival Cruise Lines: Burnishing the brand’ http://www. allbusiness. com/accommodation-food-services/1190122-1. html Rick Wolfe ‘The New B2B Marketing Dashboard’

Disadvantages and advantages of the Internet

Modern technologies are confidently striding in their development and advancement into our life. Technology and civilization are obviously a subject of tremendous scope and one which might be treated in a hundred ways. Technological progress is closely related to a man who in many ways is dependent on technology – conceived as utilities, machines, techniques, and sources of power. It is largely through organizations that technology influences modern man and modifies his ways of working or thinking or living.However, the relation between technology and a man is also tangible on an individual level, and the best example for such technology’s intrusion into man’s life is the Internet. Nowadays the Internet has become a new and convenient way to communicate with friends or very often find new ones, today it is a widespread way to conduct business, search for information or even a way to shop. It is an often case when the Internet is considered solely as a source of e ntertainment or source of wasting time, though initially it commenced as a research tool.It is this academic aspect that is becoming increasingly popular among students today. The introduction of the Internet has both beneficial and detrimental effect on our life. Though almost infinite capabilities of the Internet are widely exploited, most often people tend to use it to get information. Thanks to the Web people are enabled to get an access to information that is often unavailable in print.Furthermore, use of the Internet is convenient way to retrieve necessary information in contrast to resources stored in a library, as far as the Internet is easy of access every day at any time. And last but not least, the Internet as a search tool is clearly an interactive medium; the search for information through the Internet is facilitated by interactivity of some sites what makes them especially advantageous as a resource. Another substantial benefit of the Internet is the unparalleled possi bility to communicate.The e-mail service became an essential communication means for business needs. It is also an excellent and fast way to keep in touch with friends no matter how far they can be at the moment. In comparison to other communication means like postal services, telephone or fax the advantages of e-mail are obvious not only in its fastness, but also in its cost efficiency and accessibility – e-mail service is usually free and available at all hours of the day and night. Despite its numerous advantages the Internet is not absolutely free of weak points.Thus, alongside with useful and beneficial information the Internet sources, providing with the information about how to build bombs, sites that make pornography available to children are ubiquitous in the Web. In addition, too often the ease with which the information can be retrieved is not directly proportional to its quality and reliability. Many Internet users indicate as a flagrant problem the potential abil ity of dangerous strange fellows to make contact with children.The Internet as a source of many useful services like online banking, hotel reservation, shopping, or managing business also poses certain danger to its user. The loss of privacy is a major problem with the Internet in this regard. There is an obvious threat to have an unauthorized person willing to gain access to your financial records or personal information over the Internet. However, public apprehension about potential danger on the Internet is not strong enough to deny the evidence of increasing number of people who go online.Reasoning from this fact the conclusion can be derived that the advantages of using the Internet overweight its disadvantages. It is only necessary to approach these benefits with critical thinking. It is important to distinguish propaganda and commercially driven information from that which is fairly informative and useful. Finally, some regulations have to be made with regard to specific cont ent considered as threatening. Thus, the Internet is of great value as a facility that makes people’s life easier though its application requires scrupulous approach.

Current Trend in Management Essay

The management should recognize the important role of human resources management in order to successfully guide organizations towards profitability. It is essential for the management of investment and time-consuming and the amount, to see change scenario for the human resources department in the 21st century. In order to stay competitive and be in the race, and human resources management should consciously update itself with a shift in human resources, and be aware of the human resources issues cropping up. With high attrition rates and poaching strategies of competitors, and there is a huge shortage of skilled staff, and therefore, the company human resources activities play a vital role in combating the crisis. Should be put in the appropriate human resource policies that would lead to the organization as well as the individual s goals. And human resource managers to manage all the challenges facing staff recruitment, training them, and then develop strategies to retain their career and build an effective management system for them. That just taking care of employees will not be enough; new initiatives for human resources should also focus on the quality and productivity needs, and direct clients and stress, teamwork and leadership building. This book is divided into two parts, which sheds light on the emerging trends in human resources, and discusses the issues of human resources in various industries such as financial services, information technology, energy and health care, for example a few. It should be the value of this book is to practice human resource managers in each institution, as well as for those who have a great interest in the field of human resources management, to realize the increasing importance of human resources and understand the need to build human resources effective strategies to combat human resources issues emerging in the 21st century. Has evolved Human Resource Management Introduction to a large extent over the past century, and has seen a major shift in form and function primarily during the past two decades. Led a number of large forces environmental internal and external, progress has been made in the management of human resources function maintenance to a large extent, with little if any impact down the line, why many scholars and practitioners regard today as a source of competitive advantage for sustainable organizations operating in the global economy. Changes in human resources management: some significant changes that are likely to take place in the management of human resources are as follows: An increase in the levels of education: Due to the technological progress and the spread of educational institutions, workers will become increasingly aware of the needs of a higher level, managers must develop appropriate policies and techniques to motivate knowledge workers. Better-educated workforce and greater demand management assessment and self-governance in the workplace. Technological developments: This will require re-training and vocational training in the middle of each of the workers and managers. The rise of an international company to prove new challenges for individuals and function. Change the composition of the labor force: In women, in the future, minorities, SCs and STs become an important source of manpower in the future at the expense of ease of access to better education and employment opportunities. Therefore workforce planning will from each organization to take into account the possibility of the availability of talent in these groups. And will change the mix of the workforce leads to new values ​​in organizations. Increase the role of government: In India and management, personnel have become so certified. Will be required in private institutions in the future will be to coordinate its programs with those welfare work in the government sector, especially the increasingly to support the government’s efforts to improve public health and education, training and development and infrastructure. Occupational Health and Safety: Because of the existence of the legislative and the trade union movement, and management personnel should be more health and safety conscious in the future. OD: in the future, and will have started to change and able to improve organizational effectiveness. And senior management will become more actively involved in the development of human resources. New work ethic: more troops will be on the forms of the project and a team of the organization. And change the work ethic requires a greater focus on the individual. You will have to redesign jobs to make the appeal. Development planning: Will be involved personnel management are increasingly in organizational planning, structure, and composition etc.. This will require greater awareness in terms of cost and profit based on attitudes on the part of the Department of Personnel. Better evaluation and reward systems: There will be a need to post the highest gains patrol organizations with the goal and the result more workers compensation-oriented systems performance and linking performance evaluation will have to be developed. New personnel policies: This will require the adoption of new and better policies for the labor force in the future. The traditional family management to give way to professional management with greater forces on human dignity. Hence, it will be in personnel management in the future cope with new challenges and new responsibilities performance. And will take place participatory leadership authoritarian leadership. And creative skills must be redone and rewarded the focus will shift from a legally binding approach and rule to a more open and humane. Recent trends in human resources Human Resource Management is the process of bringing people and organizations together so as to achieve the objectives of each other. The role of Director of Human Resources continues to shift from the role of protector and sort of the role of planning and agent of change. Management personnel are the new heroes of companies. The name of the game today in business is individuals. At present it is not possible to show good report your financial or operating only personnel relations are in order. Over the years, a high degree of skill and knowledge based on increasing employment opportunities while jobs that require low skills are diminishing. This calls for the appointment of skill in the future through human resource management initiatives occasion. Indian organizations have also experienced a change in systems and cultures and management philosophy due to the global alignment of Indian organizations. There is a need to develop multiple skills. The role of human resource management is becoming more important.

W7A Back-up and Recovery Plan in Data Warehousing Essay

W7A Back-up and Recovery Plan in Data Warehousing - Essay Example le backups; (5) â€Å"synchronization of the backups with the daily incremental loads; (and finally, (6) saving of the incremental load files to be included as part of recovery if applicable† (p. 507). For the recovery options, Ponniah (2010) provided suggestions that would assist data warehouse administrators in designing which options would cater to the organization’s requirements. One of the recovery options would be to use best practices through an examination of various disaster scenarios and how the organization managed to recover the information. The recovery procedure would thereby be adjusted according to the needs of the organization, as well as the time required to recover crucial data. From the strategies recommended for back-ups (separating schedules for static and active data, as well as differential and log file back-ups with daily incremental loads), the data warehouse administrator should be able to recover the needed information within clearly stipulated time frames. The scope of back-up functions actually depends on the volume and kind of data that requires backing-up. As noted, there are active and static data where the frequency of back-up schedules would differ (more frequent back-up schedules for active data in conjunction with less frequent back-up schedules for static data) (Ponniah, 2010). Likewise, depending on the incremental data that the organization puts in on a daily basis, the scope of the back-up function follows accordingly. To ensure readiness to recover from disasters, the back-up files must be stored in strategic areas that are safe and secure. Likewise, point persons who could be authorized and assigned to perform relevant functions pertinent to back-up and recovery should be aware of their respective roles and responsibilities in the process. As emphasized, the data warehouse administration should be prepared in addressing the following questions and concerns: (1) downtime that users could tolerate during the recovery

Impact of H&M Mobile Application on Consumer Behaviour Essay

Impact of H&M Mobile Application on Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example The Hennes clothing store started its operations in the year 1947 in Vasteras, Sweden. In the initiation process the store only provided clothes for women, but with the passage of time and demand of the public the business also included the mens and kids clothes. The stores have stated many brands including the H&M, COS, Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday and other stories. The company also provides fashion products for home and the store named H&M Home (H&M, 2015). The company started expanding in the local market and the second store was opened in Stockholm, the brand started to expand to the international market and in the year 1964 the store was opened in Norway. In the year 1968 the founder of Hennes acquired Mauritz Widforss and converted the name of Hennes to Hennes & Mauritz. The business got listed in the year 1974 and the first store in UK was established in 1976. The product was heavily demanded in many countries outside Sweden and therefore the brand was introduced in Netherland and Germany. The company continued to expand to Europe, the company also expanded their business to online market and the catalogue sales also started in the year 2006 (H&M, 2015). The company expanded its operations to Asia, including stores in Hong Kong and Shanghai and other stores in Japan. Till the year 2014 the brand reached to approximately all the big countries all over the world. The company once established as a women clothing store relatively dive rsified to mens and kids fashion clothing. The company was providing their products only through their stores and online site but the management realized the importance of mobile applications and worked on developing the mobile app to provide accessibility to their customers.

Creating a dream job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creating a dream job - Essay Example As the owner manager, I have the following Job description. Meeting the guests’ needs and ensuring their meals are served on time. Responding to inquiries and solving problems relating to guests’ stay in Ngalla's bed and breakfast. Responsible for supervising administrative tasks with respect to the bed and breakfast’s operations. Responsible for the management of staff and ensuring they maintain policies that guide the operation of the private home. In charge of recruitment of staff, discipline and performance management. Directing marketing activities of the business by implementing effective marketing strategies. Supervision of management tasks relating to the operation of the business. Custodian of the bed and breakfast’s facilities, by ensuring that facilities are well maintained. Overseeing the availability of equipments and supplies throughout the day and night. Preparing budgets and setting targets for employees. Ensuring current good practices are sustained. Overseeing the implementation of the best practices to achieve guest satisfaction. Compensation and benefits package Ngalla's bed and breakfast compensation packages are based on experience and qualifications. The compensation is competitive in the market. The compensation program is based on employees working a minimum of 29 hours per week and a maximum of 40 hours per week. The compensation package includes the following perks. ... Delightful benefit which is a cash reward for delighting guests. Employees great rate which is a preferred rate per night at any of the hotels Ngalla's bed and breakfast owns. These rates include immediate family and are reduced for the extended family. Holiday club which is a voluntary program that employees can participate in deducting a certain amount from the paycheck. Make the grade benefit. A reward program that pays any of the employee’s dependants who scores straight A’s in the school’s report card. Rationale for the compensation package. The above compensation package is fit for Ngalla's bed and breakfast employees because the employees have achieved significant objectives in the past year. A firm’s employees are supposed to be provided with attractive packages as a strategy to retain the best performing employees (Tropman, 2002). Ngalla's bed and breakfast’s employees are warranted to have attractive compensation packages if they meet the bed and break fast’s objectives in terms of saving costs or adding to the company’s profits. The other area that warrants for the compensation package are efforts employees have put in place to increase turnover, efficiency, saving time and cost reduction measures. For the past one year, Ngalla's bed and breakfast managers have worked hard to ensure that employees are trained. In addition employees efforts have saved time and costs. Employees have done this to increase the bed and breakfast’s margins to cater for the remuneration. The compensation package is justified by the additional duties that employees have embraced to ensure to improve the bed and breakfast’ profits.

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management Essay

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management - Essay Example Performance of employees is clearly impacted by the performance management systems used within a company. These systems also help the human resources team to deal with various opportunities and also help in developing new career options and growth levels likewise. A well planned and implemented system can prove to be the success factor for the business (Armstrong and Baron). Performance management systems help in developing the competencies of the workforce as well as help in identifying the week areas of the employees. This can be used as a method to overcome the weaknesses of the employees and to develop them to become good in the particular area (Smither). Also the performance management systems help in continuous monitoring and help in better overall performance of the employees. Considering an China – US Joint venture, the main area that needs to be considered is the need for constant monitoring. Here the company needs to ensure that all employees are monitored constantly , to help gain the best results. Managing performance can be a result of many difference methods like training and development, mentoring, management of stress, competitive assessments and also ideas like performance appraisals (FSA). When there is a joint venture, it is important to ensure that the cultural differences are kept in mind while developing the performance management systems. The basis for a successful performance management system is effective communication of the goals and responsibilities both to the employees as well as to the managing individuals within the company. If the employees are clear about their role, and the part they play within a company, the contribution will be accordingly and will help in keeping up to the expected performance as well (Rollo). The second crucial stage here is the monitoring of the individuals and to ensure that the business performance is also well tracked and focused upon (Daniels and Daniels). Monitoring the business and the indivi duals within the company helps the managers and top management provide constructive feedback to the employees and also constantly requires the managers to reinstate the main goals and objectives of the company (Paladino). Here the management can lay down the expectations of the organisation effectively and provide the employees with a clear path of their duties. This is crucial especially in a multi cultural organisation as it helps in healthier working condition and better performance as a whole. Finally, it is crucial to implement a fair rewarding structure for the employees of China as well as the US organisations and here the actual performance of the employees needs to be considered while providing both monetary as well as non monetary benefits (FSA). The above mentioned points will benefit the overall implementation of the performance management systems and these will allow developing an effective system (Smither). Here in this case, since the joint venture is between two inte rnational firms, hence, there are a number of international considerations that also need to be addressed while developing and implementing the performance management systems (Daniels and Daniels). Of these, the first and foremost factor that needs consideration is the cultural differences. Here it is important to take this into account as people from different cultures work

A short Proposal document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A short Proposal document - Essay Example By attending the conference, my colleagues and I will have ample time to interact with business leaders from all over the world and create a platform through which our company can increase its customer base through these links. We will use socialization aspect of the conference to sell our company to the present global business leaders. Also, the conference will focus on discussing issues that are pertinent to the industry, which I believe will be beneficial to everyday operation of KW-Connect. The presentations will offer me a chance to know industry-related issues and how to tackle emerging challenges. This would help me and my colleagues drive our company to the top of the market. Most importantly, the conference will have a hall filled up with stands for regional and global business leaders and it would be very crucial for KW-Connect to also have a company stand at the conference. By having a stand at a conference that host global business leaders, the image of KW-Connect will be sold not only to the regional market, but also the global market. Having a company stand will also give us the opportunity to sell to the audience the services that we offer to our customers. The required registration charge for attending the conference is $700 per person, which comes to $2,100 for the three of us. However, registering before September will reduce registration cost by $ 100 per person, which means we will pay $ 1,800. In addition, our flight will cost $440 per person to and fro, while accommodation and meals will cost $ 1,000 per person for the two days. We will also need $3,000 for miscellaneous expenses, including travel cost from the airport to the conference venue. The total cost of attendance for the three of us will be $9,420. This conference offers the best opportunity for me and my colleagues to establish better contacts with industry business leaders and gain critical knowledge in product development. Therefore, my

Refugee Crisis in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Refugee Crisis in Europe - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the division like treatment and differing opinions on the acceptance of the refugees has led the countries to take a different stance on the refugee policies. The situation threatens to compromise the strength of the European countries’ unity and derail the ambience that was enjoyed by the countries before the crisis greatly hit the continent.  As the discussion stresses  Germany had initially thrown free its borders to the refugees that were trying to enter the country through Hungary, the Balkans and Greece and introduced passport-free travel to the country. The twenty-eight-nation bloc had agreed to share the responsibility of forty thousand of the refugees that were to access the burden Italy and Greece.   As a result of the reluctance of other member countries, Germany, Netherlands, Austria and Slovakia have all introduced border controls in a bid to have a record of the thousands of people who arrive from Middle East, Africa and Asia. The once open German borders have now had police on the borders and trains in a bid to control the huge number of migrants who are trying to access the European Union heavyweight. The strict controls introduced as a result of lack of commitment and cooperation from other member states.  Hungary has taken a great stand against the refugees who are trying to enter its borders.  The nation has warned those trying to enter the country that they risk great rejection and possibly being deported back to their homelands.  

Logistics - Transport and Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Logistics - Transport and Inventory - Essay Example However, with the advent of technology, the complexity of logistics has been greatly reduced (Ault, 2003). There has recently been development of requisite simulation software to handle the complications involved. Inventory (also known as stock) is the name used to refer to the materials and goods a business establishment keeps to ultimately resell (or repair). Inventory management as a science is concerned with the specific percentage amount of goods in stock, along with their shape. It may be required at various locations in a facility or in different locations of one supply network (Button, 2011). Factors to consider in this field involve replenishment time, available inventory space, carrying costs, management of assets, forecasting and valuation of inventory, inventory visibility, physical inventory, future forecasting of inventory prices, quality management, defective goods, replenishment and returns. It is necessary to balance these requirements for the business establishment to run optimally. An establishment set aside for the storage of such goods is known as a warehouse (Montano, 2004). Warehouses can be used by manufacturers, wholesalers, importers, exporters, customs, transport businesses, etc. For many years, storage and retrieval of goods from warehouses has been physically done and controlled. This means that a great deal of human resource has been used. This has led to delays, more expenses along with common preventable human mistakes. With this in mind, most major business establishments have nowadays put in place an automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS). These systems are computer-controlled and they place and retrieve loads from particular defined locations (Eden, 2002). Such systems were formally applicable to many business facilities that produce large scale goods. With time, however, the size of goods has slowly grown smaller. It is now easier to install

Guilt and Punishment Essay Example for Free

Guilt and Punishment Essay Creon’s actions and judgment in the play Antigone were questionable, but I don’t think he deserved the punishment he received at the conclusion of the play. My philosophy of life probably influenced my decision because I believe that everyone deserves a second chance. Creon was arrogant and did not listen to anyone’s advice, including Tiresias, a prophet who has never told him a lie. However, in the end he realized what had happened and accepted his fate. Creon was just recently appointed king so I guess he was trying to set a good example by sentencing Antigone to death. He didn’t’ want the people to think he was a person who made exceptions to their own ruling. A part of me did not want to forgive Creon, because what he did was rotten. He turned against his own family. I could never send a family member to jail or even worse, death. Creon’s punishment was quite harsh. All of the people close to him died. His son and daughter died and that was when he realized what kind of mistake he had made. He went against the morals of the people, ignored advice from his family members as well as a prophet who has never been wrong. His obstinate decision led him towards his downfall. In the end Creon knew that it was his fault that every one around him died. It was too late to regret now, so he accepted his punishment. I don’t think that the punishment was suitable because it was too extreme. Image if everyone in your family died because you made a poor decision. No one is perfect, that is why they put erasers on top of your pencils. I believe everyone should deserve a second chance, even if that someone is Creon.

Chimney Sweeper Essay Example for Free

Chimney Sweeper Essay A great writer, or poet, will make their readers feel as if they are a part of their story. The reader will feel happy when the character is happy, or sad when the character is sad. This is achieved by various rhetorical strategies that writers use. Some of these strategies include imagery and word diction. Sometimes it is one sentence that really gets to the reader. Other times it is simply one word that can make the reader feel anything from warm to sad. In William Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† from Songs of Innocence, there is an important transition in which the reader’s sense of emotions change from negative feelings of darkness, death, and misery to positive emotions of happiness, hope, and salvation. This transition in emotions reflects the child’s innocence and oblivion to his victimization whereas in the same poem from Songs of Experience the child is aware that he is the victim and therefore only reveals feelings of bitterness and sarcasm. This contrast is important to my understanding of the Innocence poem because it reveals a softer and more innocent perspective than the poem of Experience does. In the first half of the poem Blake uses word diction that gives off negative connotations in order to illustrate the horrible conditions the young chimneysweepers live in. The chimneysweeper says, â€Å"And my father sold me while yet my tongue/Could scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep! ’ (2-3). Not only does the word â€Å"weep† clearly give off a sense of sadness and depression, but the fact that it is repeated four times puts an emphasis on the sadness that the chimneysweeper feels. The quote implies that the father sold his child at a very young age. As a result, the child was still too young to weep and therefore could not refuse to be sold. Another quote says, â€Å"So your chimneys I sweep in soot I sleep† (4). When one hears the word â€Å"sweep†, they are imagining dirt and filth being lifted off the ground. Moreover, the phrase â€Å"in soot I sleep†, if one imagines it in a literal sense, shows that the child is literally sleeping in soot, which is the black debris that the smoke from the chimney creates. As a result, this quote illustrates a dirty and filthy setting that these chimneysweepers are forced to live in. A phrase that, without a doubt, gives off a sense of death and hell is â€Å"coffins of black† (12). The chimneysweeper uses this phrase to describe where the other chimneysweepers are locked in Tom’s dream, which is still filthy and almost suffocating. While these quotes and phrases observe and reveal the terrible conditions that these children are living in, the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem reasons why he is living in those conditions by blaming his parents. This comparison makes evident the different perspectives from each poem. Hints of hope are first revealed in the Innocence poem where Blake uses the child’s sarcasm to show that in moments of darkness and unhappiness there is still space for optimism so as not to suffer so much. This is revealed when the chimneysweeper reassures Tom to â€Å"never mind it, for when your head’s bare/You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair† (7-8). In a way this would make Tom feel hopeful because with a bare head, the soot cannot ruin his hair. But in a metaphorical sense, it implies that darkness (the soot) will not prevail over everything, which gives one hope. What follows this sense of hope is Tom’s description of his dream: And by came an Angel who had a bright key/And he open’d the coffins set them all free/Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run/And wash in a river, and shine in the Sun/Then naked and white, all their bags left behind/They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind. (13-18) This stanza contains numerous amounts of words and phrases that all give a positive connotation of hope, freedom, warmth, and happiness. Words such as â€Å"Angel†, â€Å"bright key†, â€Å"laughing†, â€Å"Sun†, and â€Å"white† give off a feeling that is too good to be true, which explains why it is a dream in the first place. But that hope and happiness is so strong that when Tom awakes, he continues his work happily. This utopian perspective clearly shows the innocence of these children, while the child in the poem of Experience has no sense of hope because he is aware of the reality he is living in. While the children in the Innocence poem use religious words and phrases to give them something to look forward to, the child in the Experience poem condemns religion. Blake shows how religion is used to almost condone the treatment and conditions of these chimneysweepers when he writes, â€Å"And the Angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy/He’d have God for his father and never want joy† (19-20). This quote implies that obedience and sticking to your duties will bring happiness in the afterlife. The same thing is implied when the chimneysweeper says, â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (24). In other words, as long as these chimneysweepers continue with their gruesome work while refraining from complaints, they will be happy and will be rewarded in the afterlife for their good behavior. This mentality seems to convince the children that it is acceptable live in these horrible conditions because they will be rewarded once they pass. In contrast, the child in the Experience poem does not see the afterlife or God as something or someone to look forward to because he blames God for the position he is in. He mocks God by saying, â€Å"And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King/Who make up a heaven of our misery† (11-12). The child’s parents are praying in the church and believe that they have not caused their child any injury. In this case, it is the parents that are condoning the brutal life of their child. This major difference between the two poems is important because it reveals how differently each child views the situation they are in as chimneysweepers. Blake’s use of word diction and imagery in the poem of Innocence and in the poem of Experience differentiates the two opposing perspectives of each poem. Because the Innocence poem transitions from darkness and hopelessness to freedom and hopefulness, my understanding of this poem is extremely different from the other. It is clear that the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem is aware that he is the victim; therefore, his feelings of sadness and despair block him from seeing any hope. Instead, he blames God and his parents for the life he lives. In contrast, I am given the sense that the chimneysweeper in the Innocence poem is completely oblivious to the fact that he is a victim, and therefore it is easier for him to see the light in the darkest moments; in this sense he is still innocent of any hard feelings towards his father or God.

Management Of Urban Green Spaces Environmental Sciences Essay

Management Of Urban Green Spaces Environmental Sciences Essay In recent decades there has been an increase in urbanisation and urban sprawl, which has resulted in a decline of green spaces, especially in urban areas. Urban green spaces include parks, play areas, areas specifically intended for recreational use, private gardens, and urban woodlands. More generally, they are areas of land that consist of permeable surfaces such as grass, trees and soil (Dunnett et al 2002). Increasing urbanisation contributes towards a degradation of the natural environment, as developments are overtaking rural areas at an increasingly rapid rate. Furthermore, this will have an impact on climate change, as less green space increases the effects of global warming, and other environmental issues, such as a higher risk of flooding due to lack of green space. This causes social problems as less green space creates health problems. This leads to economic problems, for instance, it is expensive to recover from disasters such as flooding. Therefore careful and sustainab le management of urban green spaces is especially important for social, environmental and economic reasons. The aim of the following essay is to discuss critically the environmental, economic and social aspects of managing urban green spaces. In order to achieve this aim the essay will be split into three main sections. Section one will look at the characteristics of the environmental problem and who is affected by them, linking this into how environmental problems create economic problems. Section two will look at what is and what could be done to address these problems, such as new forms of green spaces. It will also look at the economic aspects of these courses of action and the economic valuation of urban green spaces. It will argue that making a city greener can increase its economic performance, and lead to sustainable economic growth. However, the final part of the essay will challenge this, arguing that creating urban green spaces may not be the best solution for economic sustainability. Finally, the conclusions reached are that there needs to be a well managed balance of green and built areas in cities for sustained economic growth. Market failures in the urban land market Today we realise that we must protect networks of open space (Benedict and McMahon 2002:3). Regarding natural resource use, market forces determine the choices people make. However, resources such as urban green spaces do not have securely enforced or defined property rights which cause a lack of markets. Therefore, environmental resources cannot be directly traded in an open market, which leads to externality problems. Thus, due to market failures the full costs of urbanisation are not represented in the private costs (Panayotou 2000). The structure of the market means the private costs of using environmental resources, such green spaces, is zero (Gwartney et al 2000). Therefore producers have no incentive to protect environmental resources (Cropper and Griffiths 1994). To illustrate this problem of environmental externalities Pigou (2009) used the example of a company who builds a factory in a residential area and thus destroys some of the amenities of the neighbouring sites. The result is that the company sells its products at a lower price than the full costs felt by th e society. Consequently, as a result of these market failures there has been a rapid increase of urbanisation and urban sprawl without efficient land-use planning, and conservation of green spaces. Nationally, urban areas consist of approximately 14% green space (Comber et al 2008). However, the United Nations in 2001 estimated that in Europe the level of urbanisation will increase to almost 80% by 2015, which will result in a further loss of urban green spaces (cited in Tzoulasa et al 2007). Environmental amenities are usually ignored by urban planners, resulting in a shrinking of urban green spaces as they have gradually been taken over by urban development (Kong et al 2007). This level of urban growth presents challenges for tackling environmental issues such as climate change and biodiversity (Tzoulasa et al 2007). Less green space increases the effects of global warming, which is especially important in cities where the mean pollution levels are higher. Urbanisation replaces green spaces with impermeable built surfaces which causes negative environmental effects as green spaces provide rainwater interception and infiltration, evaporative cooling and shading functions (Gill et al 2007). Furthermore, urban areas can be up to 7 °c hotter than the surrounding countryside (Hilliam 2010). The concentration of buildings and paved surfaces creates higher temperatures, which is known as the heat island effect (Dunnett et al 2002). Furthermore, built environments restrict wind flow which in turn restricts the dispersal of pollutants, resulting in even higher air-pollution levels (Morancho 2003). It is important to tackle these issues as in 2003, during the Eur opean summer heat wave, 35,000 lives were lost (Gill et al 2007). Moreover, tackling environmental issues in urban areas is increasingly important as in 2001 nearly eight of every ten people in the United Kingdom lived in urban areas (Pointer 2005:46). Consequently, a higher population and an increase of built surfaces, means urban areas are where climate change impacts will be mostly felt (Gill et al 2007). This also has economic impacts as a lack of green space can increase the costs of public infrastructure and services such as, flood control and storm water management (Goode 2006). Furthermore, a lack of green spaces was often seen to be the main motive for people leaving the city, as they moved to the urban fringe for more green space (Van-Herzele and Wiedemann 2003). The result is economic decline as people move out of urban areas, which creates lower property values, attracting less wealthy people. This makes it hard to secure investment or attract and retain business in the area. A lack of green space also has negative impacts on tourism as fewer people will want to visit the area (Crompton 2001). Furthermore, a lack of green space creates health issues which are costly for the economy as an unhealthy society increases the costs of health care to UK tax payers (Mell 2008). There is a shortage of green space for example; in Greater Manchester the proportion of tree cover is fairly low, with an average of 12% cover, and 16% in urbanised Greater Manchester (Gill et al 2007). The next part of the essay will discuss how to tackle these environmental and economic problems. Solution to the problem Urban green spaces have many benefits which can be divided into market benefits and non-market benefits. Non-market benefits fall into three categories: use, option and existence value. Option value occurs when the future benefits are uncertain and depletion of the resource is irreversible. Existence value refers to the knowing the resource exists, and use value is from the direct use of the resource. Total value is the sum of all three. Thus, urban green spaces have existence value, and direct use value, such as recreational use. Furthermore, urban green spaces create consumer surplus, as the cost of using urban green spaces is usually free (Goodstein 2010). These benefits highlight the need to protect urban green spaces. Moreover, the issues discussed above further raise the need for protection and allocation of urban green spaces. In 2004-2005 local authorities in the UK spent an estimated  £700 million on renovating and maintaining urban green spaces (Comber et al 2008). Furthermore, Londons draft Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in 2010 (online), proposes that there is a need to increase the citys green spaces by creating small parks, which will help to absorb rain on wet days and cool the city on hot days (Bulkeley and Betsill 2003). Urban green spaces can also help to reduce pollution and act as sinks for carbon dioxide which is a major contributor to global warming (Dunnett et al 2002). In cities, gardens and parks absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which mainly come from private vehicles (Morancho 2003). Vegetation reduces air pollution by absorbing pollutants in the air, and by intercepting particulate matter. Hence the pollution of a car driven 60 miles per day can be offset by only 20 trees. Green spaces also reduce the urban heat island effect by shading heat absorbing surfaces and through evapotranspirational (ET) cooling. Evidence has shown vegetation can lower wall surface temperatures by up to 17 °C (McPherson 1994). This will ensure economic sustainability as less money will be needed to recover from natural disasters and climate change impacts. Thus, green spaces are multifunctional, as regenerating a park may increase tourism and reduce pollution levels (Hilliam 2010, Goode 2006). In a congested environment, existence of greenery within residential zones will improve air quality. This creates social benefits from direct use such as recreation and health benefits as a higher proportion of green space and less air pollution is associated with better population health (Popham and Mitchel 2007). This results in economic sustainability as healthier communities work longer hours, take less sick days and cost less money in health benefits (Goode 2006). Bird (2004 cited in Tzoulasa et al 2007) found that if people live closer to green space then they are more likely to undertake physical activity, which would save the UKs National Health Service up to  £1.8million a year. Moreover, inactivity in children often results in inactive adults, which costs the economy approximately  £8.2billion (Tzoulasa et al 2007). Therefore, protecting and creating green spaces ensures there is economic sustainability through a healthier society (Amati and Taylor 2010). Urban green spaces can act as catalysts for wider economic benefits, such as increases in property prices, attracting and retaining businesses and attracting tourists to urban areas. This is a key part of the solution for economic growth as urban green spaces makes cities more desirable and this can result in local economic stimulation (Dunnett et al 2002). Green amenities attract the highly skilled, who pursue a higher standard of living and quality of life, Florida (2002) describes how green spaces can attract creative class workers and the businesses that hire them. Employers locate in areas where the skilled want to live and this further attracts skilled workers, high-end restaurants and retail stores. Therefore, urban green spaces can raise a citys economic growth. Cities with more skilled workers experience an increase in population, house price and wages. Additionally, people who are highly educated will also be more likely to support investments for environmental protection a nd are usually willing to pay higher prices for environmental quality. Furthermore, a greener city will also have an insurance against recessions as the city remains attractive and people still want to live there. This will pull other industries into the area over time. Therefore, it is important to protect existing urban green spaces. Londons Green Belt is an example of an attempt to reduce development in order to improve the environment by restricting housing supply (Kahn 2006). The Mayor of London has also set targets to plant 10,000 more street trees by 2012, and enhance up to 1,000 hectares of green space (Environmental Agency 2010). This will help to build a good reputation of the area, which enables the community to grow economically, without damaging the environment, and simultaneously creating a desirable place to live for present and future generations (Benedict and McMahon 2002). Additionally, new methods, such as green roofs have been developed to increase green space in urban areas. Green roofs are the roof of a building that is covered by vegetation, the most common being turf roofs. They have several purposes which are similar to urban green space in general such as cooling the heat island effect and absorbing rainwater. They also provide insulation and create habitats for wildlife. The benefits can therefore be divided into private and public benefits. Private economic benefits include saving energy cost and an increase in roof life. Public benefits include storm-water management (Dunnett and Kingsbury 2004). Green roofs are particularly useful in cities that are dense with large populations such as London or Tokyo. London now has a green roof policy and other cities and areas in the UK are developing similar approaches to developing green roofs. However, currently there is only one green roof in Manchester; therefore there is a need to create more green spaces in the form of green roofs (Carter and Fowler 2008). These trends raise the need for green space protection and allocation, which in turn requires estimation of the value of green spaces (Kong et al 2007). Due to their lack of values expressed in monetary terms, green spaces are often not considered in cost-benefit analyses of urban planning policies. Furthermore, it is the failure of the market system, as discussed above, which creates the need for economic measures to value environmental services and guide policymaking (Freeman 1993). Several methods have been developed to value non-market amenities such as the travel cost method, the contingent valuation method (CVM) and the hedonic pricing models. The hedonic pricing method uses house prices to quantify environmental amenities by how much consumers are willing to pay. The hedonic pricing model is a revealed preference method and is based actual behaviour in the market. Properties have many characteristics which reflect the selling prices such as housing structure, neighbourhood and environmental amenities. The monetary value of each characteristic is calculated by observing the differences in the market price of housing sharing the same attributes. Once all the characteristics are collected the next step is to measure the portion of the property price for each characteristic (Boyle and Kiel 2001). By using the hedonic pricing method the value of green spaces can be estimated from actual behaviour in the market (Kong et al 2007). Hedonic valuation can also be applied to retail situations as people are willing to pay about ten percent more for products in greener shopping areas (Miller and Wise 2004:90). The value of urban green spaces can also be an important factor for affecting property prices. There is evidence which suggests urban green spaces can have a positive impact on house prices. There is usually a shortage of land in urban areas, and therefore proximity to urban green spaces has a positive impact on property values, while proximity to negative impacts such as highways reduces property values, as it is desirable to live close to a park, especially in city centres where demand for land is high (Tajima 2003). The demand for a property increases which raises the price of those properties. Numerous studies have shown that property values are typically 8-20 percent more expensive if they are located near a park (Crompton 2000). Therefore, in dense urban areas the value of nearby parks and green space can be one of the key selling points and a stronger feature than lot itself (Tajima 2003). Furthermore, Morancho (2003) found in Spain that for every 100m further away from a gree n area there was a drop of approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1800 in the housing price. Therefore, to reduce the impact of urbanisation, and to ensure economic growth, allocation of new and protection of existing urban green spaces is required (Kong et al 2007). However, the value open space is contextual as it rises with increased income. Open space is considered a luxury good, as demand for open space increases as income rises. Hence, the willingness to pay for environmental quality is highly elastic with respect to income (Anderson and West 2006). Urban green spaces in isolation will not increase economic growth However, not all green spaces are equally beneficial. To ensure that urban green spaces enhance economic growth, they must be well maintained, safe and secure. In recent decades there has been a decline in the quality of urban green spaces in England. This can be linked to the declining budgets for local authorities over the past 20 to 25 years (Dunnett et al 2002). This has a negative economic effect as green spaces that are dangerous or unmanaged are likely to decrease the value of nearby homes, which would lead to economic decline (Crompton 2001). Furthermore, if green spaces are perceived to be overgrown or unmanaged this may have a negative effect on peoples well-being by increasing anxiety caused by fear of crime (Tzoulasa et al 2007). Research shows that open spaces which are most highly valued are those which enhance the qualities of urban life and offer a variety of opportunities (Burgess et al 1988). If there is a lack of facilities or the area is in poor condition then peo ple are less likely to use it. Furthermore, lower-income suburban areas usually have a larger proportion of poor-quality green space. Thus, even if green spaces are in large quantities, but are of poor quality then economic and health benefits are not felt by the population (Popham and Mitchel 2007). Additionally, if green spaces are poorly managed so that they become inaccessible, then less people will use them, especially the elderly or people with disabilities. Therefore, quality as well as quantity of green space is a key factor. Moreover, McConnell and Walls (2005) argue for the importance of distinguishing between different types of open space. The value of green spaces depends on its usage for example, whether it is a well managed park or an open field. Barker (2003) also reported that the value of open space depends strongly on its location and use, for instance, green space in the urban core was valued higher than greenbelt land. Anderson and West (2006:782) show that the v alue of open space depends on the type of open space, how far away it from the house and the neighbourhood characteristics. They found that sales price rises with proximity to the nearest golf course and falls the closer a home is to the nearest cemetery. Furthermore, the net result of restricting housing supply is that prices are driven up. This results in poverty magnets in areas with low property prices, resulting in a segregation of the poor and urban social problems. For example, Glasgow has lost population over time, and relative poverty has grown. Therefore, Londons pursuit to a greener city could further increase house prices and it could be argued that a city can become too green when economic growth is damaged. An upward pressure on house prices could have a negative impact on some residents and first time buyers as it would squeeze out the poorer renters and new immigrants (Kahn 2006). The result of this limited supply would not lead to economic sustainability as it would limit economic growth. Therefore, green spaces will not necessarily lead to a sustained economic growth nationally, but only benefits certain regions (Kahn 2006). It is often the wealthier people who benefit most, as studies have shown that vegetation and tree cover is lower in residential areas with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation. Therefore only certain areas benefit as less wealthy areas might not be able to afford to maintain new green spaces (Pauleit et al 2005). Additionally, an increased economic wealth will also increase the values of losses; making the cost to restore damages after a disaster much greater (Shaw et al 2007). Furthermore, conserving green spaces may restrict the supply of valued goods, such as housing, shops, offices or private open space, resulting in economic decline. This results in distributional effects as those landowners who can build get an increase in their asset value, whereas those unable to develop will experience a reduction in asset values. Part of the market failure associated with urbanisation is the increase in land prices imposed on existing inhabitants by additional workers. Furthermore, policies of containment, such as greenbelts, may increase energy use as commuters move out bey ond the greenbelt which results in longer commuter journeys. Therefore, it could be argued that policy in the UK restricts urban growth which leads to higher costs and welfare losses. Hence land regulation can have adverse economic effects as it diverts resources from other growth activities. Therefore the solution maybe not regulating land markets but regulating or taxing energy markets (Cheshire 2009). Conclusion To conclude, this essay has highlighted the environmental problem of urbanisation, explaining how this is a result of market failures. It has also shown how this can lead to economic problems. This essay then goes on to argue that a solution would be preserving, maintaining and developing new green spaces in urban areas. It goes on to explain the environmental, social and economic benefits of urban green spaces. It also highlights the hedonic pricing method, which shows how urban green spaces can be valued. It also argues that green spaces create economic benefits by increasing property values. However, the latter part of the essay challenges this, arguing that not all green spaces is equally beneficial. It also argues that preserving green spaces could also have a negative impact as the cost of land increases further, resulting in large increase in house prices. Therefore, it is important to maintain urban green spaces for the many environmental, economic and social benefits. However, this cannot be in isolation as for green spaces to be beneficial they must be well maintained and managed. Furthermore if too much green space is protected then this could have negative impacts overall. Therefore, urban land policies need to ensure green space is well managed in order to achieve the maximum benefits. Furthermore, methods other than land protections could also be used, such as taxing energy use. Word Count: 3554

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knig

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain proves to be a hero and role model. Perhaps if Sir Gawain were living among us today, he would have his own line of action figures, comic books, and of course a line of chic evening wear! In lines 712 -762 in the Norton Anthology, we see that through dangerous foes and perilous weather, Sir Gawain leans on the strength of God to get him through his journey. Though he meets many dangers in the forest, he defeats them all, using skill and bravery. Traveling through horrid weather conditions, he keeps forging ahead, remaining true to his vow. And instead of blaming God, Sir Gawain leans on the solid foundation of his Christian beliefs. His journey to find the Green Chapel where he expects to meet his end, is not a easy one. He faces many perils and dangers. In lines 720 -723 we see quite clearly his tribulations: Now with serpents he wars, now with savage wolves, now with wild men of the woods, that watched from the rocks, both with bulls and with bears and with boars besides and giants that came gibbering from the jagged steeps. He f... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knig Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain proves to be a hero and role model. Perhaps if Sir Gawain were living among us today, he would have his own line of action figures, comic books, and of course a line of chic evening wear! In lines 712 -762 in the Norton Anthology, we see that through dangerous foes and perilous weather, Sir Gawain leans on the strength of God to get him through his journey. Though he meets many dangers in the forest, he defeats them all, using skill and bravery. Traveling through horrid weather conditions, he keeps forging ahead, remaining true to his vow. And instead of blaming God, Sir Gawain leans on the solid foundation of his Christian beliefs. His journey to find the Green Chapel where he expects to meet his end, is not a easy one. He faces many perils and dangers. In lines 720 -723 we see quite clearly his tribulations: Now with serpents he wars, now with savage wolves, now with wild men of the woods, that watched from the rocks, both with bulls and with bears and with boars besides and giants that came gibbering from the jagged steeps. He f...

The two main themes explored in In the Attic and Stop the clocks are :: English Literature

The two main themes explored in In the Attic and Stop the clocks are love and loss The two main themes explored in 'In the Attic' and 'Stop the clocks' are love and loss. Both poets express their insight into the knowledge that the world will not stop regardless of the loss of mankind. This, however, is where the similarity ends. Both writers are expressing their own personal way of dealing with losing someone close to them. On Auden's side, there is bitterness in his loss, and an almost gothic romanticism of Bronte's writing despite its modern edge. With Motions however, there is more of stoicism in the writing. He writes so that we know there has been a great loss on his part, but this poem is not of the melodramatic substance, which Auden's is. Motions poem is a quiet resignation to the fact that a loved one has been lost. It has in its core, a nostalgic romanticism and sense of regret. It has in its essence a nostalgic romanticism and regret likened to that of Thomas Hardy's poetry. It is these two differences in writing style that I intend to explore. Stop the Clocks is a poem that describes a person’s loss and the deepness in which they suffer from their absence. Everything that happens around them feels as though it is ending, the clocks, and the telephones should all be stopped as in the same way that a life has stopped. Also as he says ‘Silence the pianos and with muffled drum, Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come’ it is as if they want the world to know what has happened to the poet, and that everybody should feel some pain like the pain Auden feels right now. The same is represented in the lines ‘Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead, Scribbling on the sky the message He is Dead’, it’s the desire that everybody should know that Auden is in mourning and that nothing is going to change how he feels, should someone attempt to help him then he will simply send every message the same, I Mourn. The fourth verse is amplifying what a person meant to Auden. ‘He was my North, my South, my East and West’ this shows how much of an impact a person has had on Auden, so much of an impact that they became everything to them. The poet makes it sound as though now that person is dead, there is no more north, south, east or west to them and that there could never be again. ‘My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song’ this is as

Ferdinand Magellan :: essays research papers

Ferdinand Magellan was born circa 1480 in Sabrosa, Portugal. His father was Dom Ruy Magellan, a nobleman and sheriff. He was married to Donha Alda De Mesquite. He was born Fernà £o de Magalhà £es, but changed it later. Ferdinand Magellan had 2 siblings: a sister named Isabel and a brother named Diago De Souse. This aspiring explorer and adventurer spent his childhood as a page at the Portuguese court doing errands and chores. He also went to school at a monastery. When he was only 10 years old, Magellan’s parents died. About 5 years later, the King of Portugal died, and Magellan’s brother-in-law, Duke Manuel (sometimes called Emanuel), was made the king. In 1506, Magellan went to the East Indies, taking part in many exploratory and military expeditions in the Spice Islands. By 1510 he had been promoted to the rank of captain. However, his military glory ended after he secretly sailed a ship east without permission. Because of that, Magellan lost his command and had to return to Portugal. Magellan was expecting a decent job when he returned, but was in for a surprise. He only managed to get a lowly job at court, much like the one he spent in his childhood. Magellan asked the king for a higher paying and more respected job, but the king refused. From that experience, Magellan concluded that the King of Portugal didn’t like him one bit. It seems that Magellan got his plan for his famous exploration from his voyages in 1506 to the Spice Islands. It must have sparked the idea that maybe there was a west route to the Spice Islands, instead of the already-proven east route. Magellan proposed this idea to the Portuguese king, but funding from Portugal was refused.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Magellan, fed up with refusals from Portugal, moved to nearby Spain and became a citizen there. It was here that Magellan changed his name from Fernà £o de Magalhà £es to Fernando de Magallanes. He married a woman named Barbosa there. Magellan, determined, brought his plan to King Charles, the king of Spain, in 1517. The King approved of it and provided Magellan with funding! On September 20th, 1519, Magellan set out from Sanlucar de Barrameda with 250 men and 5 ships: the Trinidad, San Antonio, Victoria, Conceptio, and the Santiago. They started by sailing down the west coast of Africa, until they got to the equator. Then Magellan’s fleet turned west, to cross the Atlantic.

“Nothing Gold Can Stay” and “Dust of Snow” both by Robert Frost Essay

The poems Nothing Gold Can Stay and Dust of Snow both by Robert Frost show the relationship between Mother Nature and human nature. Although the poems share the same theme, they have similar perspective, form, and diction, the poems have different styles. Both the poems show some degree of truth in human nature through Mother Nature, but when comparing and contrasting them, there are many more connections that are exposed. In Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost shows the loss of innocence between two figures, Eden and gold. The poems first line, Nature’s first green is gold explains that gold represents innocence. Frost then writes, Her early leaf’s a flower/But only so an hour. Frost shows that innocence does not last forever and will soon fade. The poem follows saying that Eden goes into grief symbolizing the loss of innocence. When applying this theme to human nature, the gold represents childhood and when Then leaf subsides to leaf humans slowly lose their innocence as they become adults. To stay gold is to stay true in this poem. However, gold loses lust and brilliance as it becomes into a different object, very much like how people lose innocence and they change their nature into a different person. Although gold represents purity and innocence, it also shows ignorance.   To be human is to have taken from the Tree of Knowledge and gain conscious of knowledge. As people progress through their lives, ignorance along with innocence slowly fades away. Frost also exemplifies how quick reality sets into ones life when he writes, But only so an hour. Frost shows that after losing innocence and ignorance, knowledge and reality takes place instead. However, this poem can also apply to other things seen in human nature. For example, happiness does not stay forever just as people cannot live forever. At one point sooner or later everything fades away, thus Eden, who represents humans, sank to grief and Frost shows how nothing can stay gold. Similarly, the poem Dust of Snow is about nature and how Frost feels related to nature. His connection is seen when he says how the crow shook down on him and the dust of snow from the hemlock tree gave him a change of mood. The poem makes implies that before the crow shook the snow on him that the narrator in the poem is depressed or sad or else the poem would not say Has given my heart/A change of mood. However the persons emotion changes when  the dust of snow falls on him from the hemlock tree. Although the poem is very simple, there is significant meaning toward human experiences. The first line opens the poem with, The way a crow. This crow symbolizes a dark part or some sort of bad event in the narrators life. This evil has caused the narrator to be depressed and sad. Snow on the other hand, represents lightness, in contrast to the crow. A hemlock tree is a poisonous plant, so the snow that came down on the narrator is not a good thing. However, the shaking down of the snow symbolizes a trigger in the narrators life. The poem became more optimistic as Frost writes, Has given my heart/A change of mood. The person in the poem is now seeing the glass half full instead of half empty. Thus the poem concludes, And saved some part/Of a day I had rued. This shows that whatever had made the narrator depressed in the beginning could not have possibly been worse than his situation at hand. Thus Frost shows how people should be appreciative of what they have and on a larger scale appreciative of their life. For whatever happens to someone there can always be something worse and people tend to forget happiness when they have already experienced sadness. Both these poems show the importance of life. In Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost shows how innocence is replaced by knowledge, thus making innocence a thing of the past, something which everyone must go through but cannot go back. In The Dust of Snow the poem shows how people should put the dark pasts behind them and look at the brighter side of life. In both cases Frost effectively shows the value of life to humans. The perspective in â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† can be interpreted on biological, mythic, and theological levels. In a biological view Frost shows how gold loses its value over time. On mythic and theological levels Frost incorporates Eden and how he valued leaves like gold until they too tarnished away. In this poem Frost shows a point in life when the golden illusions of youth have vanished. The poem also shows that this perspective is seen from people who have experienced loss and gained wisdom. In the same way, Dust of Snow is a mature perspective and requires someone to have gone through life to recognize the meaning behind the poem. In a  literal sense, this is situation is very realistic and could happen anytime in anyones life. However the poem regards to individuals who have had dark life experiences who have become pessimists over their course in life. The poem shows truth in human nature by using the crow, snow, and hemlock tree, all elements of Mother Nature, to symbolize human experiences. All in all, although this poem seems light-hearted at a glance, a thoughtful analysis shows that the poem has much deeper meanings especially in the value of life. The form in Nothing Gold Can Stay is composed of eight lines making the poem an octave. The rhyming pattern is aabbccdd. The poem is tightly constructed, shortly written with the longest line consisting of only 6 words. When read, the poem is easier to think about the poem in sets of every two lines as each set expresses a single idea. When read, the poem sounds somewhat lyrical and ends like how a short story would end. Likewise, Dust of Snow is also an octave. The poem also has a rhyming pattern too, but unlike Nothing Gold Can Stay Frost writes his poem in an abab fashion. Also similar to Nothing Gold Can Stay this poem is short and quite simple with the longest line consisting of only 6 words. The simplicity of this form also ties with the theme in that anything no matter how simple, like being shaken down with a dust of snow, can change a persons view on life. In Nothing Gold Can Stay the diction presented is extremely simple. No word is longer than two syllables. Most are monosyllabic. Each word is easy to grasp, words that a children would use to make this poem. Again, this ties in with the theme of the poem, the loss of innocence. These words are very innocent and uncomplicated with lots of imagery such as flower, leaf, and gold. The only word that is more sophisticated is the word grief but this can be interpreted as the loss of innocence. Also, in Dust of Snow, Frost uses words of great simplicity with vivid illustrating qualities. Again, no word is longer than two syllables and most of the words are monosyllabic anyway. The words are easy to understand and that too connects with the theme. The simplicity of the words that Frost use  shows how pure human nature is and that it can be seen with such straightforwardness. The style seen in Nothing Gold Can Stay is both simple and richly vibrant. In the first four lines, Frost’s imagery quite literally describes how new leaves emerge as yellow or golden blossom before they develop into green leaves. â€Å"Her early leaf’s a flower,† the speaker observes. This period of blossom, however, is very brief. â€Å"But only so an hour,† the speaker then immediately qualifies. This illustrious style that Frost uses makes understanding his message easy for readers to interpret. Although the style of Dust of Snow is illustrious it is different from Nothing Gold Can Stay in that it is written in a darker tone. The style of the poem is much more mysterious and causes readers to be curious of the narrators past. Also, the style written in this poem is in first tone and not third tone like Nothing Gold Can Stay. Although they both seem to be speaking like reading a story, the style in Dust of Snow is told from someones experience while in Nothing Gold Can Stay the story is more like a fantasy. The style that Frost writes with in this poem is much colder than in Nothing Gold Can Stay. In the latter poem; Frost gives his writing a sense of warmth and happiness, like a child. Thus, Dust of Snow is seemingly more abstract in the metaphoric sense than Nothing Gold Can Stay. Nothing Gold Can Stay and Dust of Snow are two poems both about human nature through Mother Nature. By analyzing through theme, perspective, form, diction, and style Frost shows his comprehension of loss of innocence and appreciation of life. All in all, Frost shows that everyone goes through innocence and loses it when they begin to understand and the appreciation of life. Sources: http://quotations.about.com/cs/poemlyrics/a/Nothing_GoldCan.htmhttp://quotations.about.com/cs/poemlyrics/a/Nothing_GoldCan.htmhttp://www.eliteskills.com/c/13213

Dyslexia

I have had many challenges in school because I have dyslexia with my reading and my writing and my teachers that have made it very difficult to handle school work and make the good grades that I have. I found out had dyslexia at the end of my first grad year. When I got home my mom told me I had dyslexia. I was very confused what it was and what it meant for me to get rid of it. My mom told me it was a learning disability I would have to work harder than ever one else to reach my goals and dreams of going to college.I had a harder time with my reading and writing witch maid it wear I had to ask help a lot more than the other kids all them stated to make jokes but I just rose to the challenge. As got older better at the things was not good at but the teachers just tried to keep me lower then what could do. The teachers would treat me different like was not smart as the other kids. They all was gave me less work sent out to the hall because the teacher dint like the way I spelled stuff or write. Let like was stupid like I could never be eke ever one else could never be as smart in school as them. Then my mom notice was starting to do relay bad in school so my mom and dad got me a tutored. She taught me how to dill with my dyslexia and the pain it brought me. With her help did better in school work started to do all the work that was assigned to me and making better grads then ever one else in the class. Started to get my convince up and made me fill smart know that can do en thing that I won't to do just have to work a little harder on it.I can go to college and do the job want to do just like en one else. I know would not be who am without my hard work and the supporters that helped me on the way. Am, most grateful for my parents and my tutored Mrs.. Hansen. My dyslexia thought me how to be a hard worker witch have to be in order to finish college and exceed in life. Will be read for en thing that life throes at me because of my dyslexia.

Old Mrs Grey

â€Å"Old Mrs. Grey† Born in 1882, Virginia Woolf was an author, feminist, critic, essayist, pacifist and one of the founders of the Modernist Movement in Literature. Like many of her contemporaries in the Movement, she employed a vivid and descriptive stream-of-consciousness writing style that was rooted in the popular Freudian psychoanalytic theories of the day; and in fact, both of her brothers became psychoanalysts. Woolf regarded herself as â€Å"mad†, having bouts of debilitating depression brought on by her bi-polar disorder. Within her body of work, especially in her essay â€Å"Old Mrs.Grey†, you can see the melancholic/suicidal ideation of her own psyche deployed in the character of Mrs. Grey. She did not hold with the traditional views that suicide was sinful or cowardice. In 1941, she put rocks in her coat pockets and committed suicide by drowning herself in a river near her home in Sussex. The letter she left reasoned that she was â€Å"going mad ag ain and shan’t recover this time†. This is the background on how and possibly why Mrs. Woolf uses the imagery of hopelessness so effectively in this story as a surrogate for her own misery.In the story â€Å"Old Mrs. Grey†, Woolf’s depressively artful use of words describes a lonely 92 year old woman whose body has painfully palsy, â€Å"jerked her body to and fro†, and is in constant arthritic pain which, â€Å"twists her legs† and keeps her confined to her home where she sits in a â€Å"hard chair† and looks with â€Å"aged eyes† that have â€Å"ceased†. She sits by a dying fire in a hard chair, looking at â€Å"The morning spread seven foot by four, green and sunny. â€Å" a reference to the only life she knows now, looking through the door of her cottage at the life outside of it.This is emblematic of her longing for a bygone youth, which Woolf further describes, â€Å"†¦ (she) saw herself at ten, at twenty, a t twenty-five. †, a youth which has fled and left her nothing but memories. The poignant aspect of the story is that while Mrs. Grey is confounded by her longevity, though she longs for the Lord to â€Å"take her†, she never actually voices a propensity to end it herself. The author clearly feels that the advances of medical science that prolong her life, which are but a, â€Å"nail†¦that pinions†¦the body against a wall†, are an insult and occur seemingly against her will.However, as the protagonist notes, the doctor is a good man. The author implies that the doctor is in wonder that Mrs. Grey hasn’t died, but clearly shows that he takes care of her, as required by his oath, regardless of his personal opinion. Clearly, Woolf’s use of imagery and diction brings the reader into Mrs. Grey’s end of life suffering and morose loneliness. The reader, by the end of the story, can empathize with Mrs. Grey’s feeling of the pointlessne ss and uselessness of her remaining days and her longing to â€Å"pass on†, because of Woolf’s competent characterization of Mrs. Grey’s somber situation.

Belonging: Indigenous Australians and White Society Essay

â€Å"A sense of belonging can emerge from the connections made with people, places, groups, communities and the larger world. † The quote is clearly represented in the play â€Å"Rainbows End† by Jane Harrison and the musical _____________________________________. Belonging is subjective and so there is no correct way of what it means but what I think belonging means is to feel apart or connected with the rest of the group. In my first text â€Å"Rainbows End† by Jane Harrison it supports and reveals connections made with people, places, groups, communities and the larger world. This will become evident throughout the language, and symbols used in the play. Rainbows End is fiction but Harrison tried to capture the indigenous experience that was set in the 1950s. Harrison also draws historical events in the play such as the Queens visit, the Rumbalara housing development and the Assimilation Policy. The play is focused on three indigenous Australians; Nan Dear who is against whites and uses this to form her identity as an Aboriginal. â€Å"Refuses to say that the Queen is not her Queen as Nan thinks that it is a part of the white society†. Gladys is an enthusiastic and idealistic person who desperately wants to be in the white society â€Å"She believes that she will meet the Queen†. Dolly is the youngest and she is proud to be Aboriginal but is ashamed of the status that comes with it. She is also dutiful and hard working â€Å"serious about her homework†. Gladys and Dolly constantly listen to the radio this is a symbol for the woman connecting to the rest of society. The radio gets the woman to listen and become more involved in society even though they are perceived outcasts. The radio keeps them connected to society and in turns gives them a sense of belonging. The encyclopedias that Gladys brought from Errol are another symbol used in the play. Gladys brought these encyclopedias for Dolly as Gladys believes that it may represent an opportunity for Dolly to be a part of the white society.

Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Essay

Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you examine the foundations of human development in the social environment. Address the following in your paper: Describe the interactions between the bio-psycho-social dimensions of development. Explain the concept of human diversity and cultural competence. Explain the connection between general systems theory and social order. The bio-psycho-social dimensions of human behavior are made up of biological, psychological and, social factors that explain human behavior. The biological dimension refers to the role of biological systems—meaning our bodies. The psychological dimension refers to the role of thoughts, emotion, and behavior on others. The social dimension refers to how individuals relate to various groups and institutions in society–and how groups and institutions relate to individuals, or classes of individuals. Social workers can understand a person’s behavior through subjective development. Viewing problems through a bio-psycho-social lens allows a social worker to help clients solve problems and learn coping skills through an understanding of behaviors and how biological, psychological and social aspects of ones life plays a role in behavior. When a Social worker has a better understanding of a client and the relationships in which the client is incorporated in, the social worker can set up a plan of action and the healing process can begin (Dale, Smith, Norlin,, Chess, ,2009).. The strengths perspective is a tool that helps aids in the understanding of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds; diversity. Different segments of society interpret things such as hand motion, eye contact and, other non-verbal communications in different ways. When a social worker can become proficient in cross cultural interaction, they will be much better  able to help clients that are from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. This proficiency requires intense observation, superior listening skills, and a true desire to learn about different cultures, beliefs and traditions. The concept of human diversity can be described as a person or organization clearly understanding different cultures, languages, and beliefs of people and families from all around the world. Cultural competence can be described as skills, behaviors, attitudes, and policies implemented that assist social workers and organizations to efficiently deal with cross-cultural (socialworker.org, 2014). â€Å"Culture refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups. ‘Competence’ implies having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by consumers and their communities. (Minorityhealth.hhs.gov ,Adapted from Cross, 1989).† According to NAACP.org, cultural competence also focuses on population specific issues such as health related beliefs, cultural values, disease prevalence, and treatment efficiency. A culturally proficient social worker can make the difference in the success and failure of their clients. In the human service field when a social worker has an understanding of human diversity and cultural competence he or she can better understand clients from diverse backgrounds such as those with disabilities, the elderly, and the gay and lesbian community (NAACP.org, 2014). General systems theory is comparable to business and industry in the manner in which it is structured. In the business world, inputs are managed by organizational systems to produce outputs. In the field of social work, social workers use resources (inputs) to develop processes and procedures to produce services (outputs). Systems theory can help social work professionals comprehend how systems establish and the order of that social system. When explaining the connection between general systems theory and social order one must describe the two individually. General systems theory can be defined as components, which are in transaction and bounded. The components complement a system that functions within an environment. A component can be anything and exchanges are any relationship that exists between the components. A person is able to be aware of the boundaries  because it is what he or she can see, hear, feel, or sense. Social order is described as the demeanor in which a culture is organized and the standards that are required to manage the organization. Looking at what general systems theory and social order are separately one can see that both deal with groups and environments when working in human services both can work hand in hand when trying to find help and create goals for clients. The general systems theory is used in all aspects of social work, such as children and families, policymaking, and advocacy. Social order refers to a relatively stable system; institution, pattern of interactions, customs, and facts regarding society. To have a systems theory there must be social order. Without social order, one cannot determine the causes and factors within an environment that are causing a problem. Without social order we cannot provide proper treatment. Social order gives us a set of norms within a system. Without social order one cannot use systems theory (Mosby, 2009). In social services, bio-psycho-social dimensions, human diversity, cultural competence, general systems theory, and social order all work together to create a better environment for their clients, and enable social work professionals to better serve their clients. References Dale, O., Smith, R., Norlin, J., & Chess, W. (2009). Human behavior and the social environment: Social systems theory. (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Zastrow, C., & Ashman, K. (1990). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (2nd ed.). Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Naacp.org, 2014